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Does Georgism Work, Part 3: Can Unimproved Land Value be Accurately Assessed Separately From Buildings?

2021

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Land value taxation could create stronger incentives to repeal restrictive zoning policies, while repealing restrictive zoning would enable further beneficial effects of land value taxation. There are three main approaches to land assessment: the market approach, the cost approach, and the income approach. The majority of complaints over total land value assessments are over buildings and improvements, not land value. Taxing land at 85% builds in a comfortable margin for error to avoid potentially over-taxing land via mis-assessments. In 1911, J.J. Pasoriza, Houston's first Hispanic mayor, implemented a short-lived assessment and land tax policy known as "The Houston Plan". Recently developed mass appraisal methods for land assessment include multiple regression analysis, nonparametric kernel regressions, nonparametric adaptive regressions, semiparametric regressions, and the Innovative Land Valuation Model (iLVM).
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Lars Doucet
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Land Value Tax
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Implementation Land Valuation Political Feasibility Policy Design Details Zoning
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100 Million & Counting: A Portrait of Economic Insecurity In the U.S.

Report

A report on the 106 million Americans - nearly a third of the nation, living below 200% of the federal poverty line. Since 2000, the population living at or below this level has gr… View

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A Child Allowance Could be Worth Eight Times the Cost

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A Critical View of Land Value Taxation as a Progressive Strategy for Urban Revitalization, Rational Land Use, and Tax Relief

Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Report

"This report provides an analysis of how a system of land value taxation could work in England and addresses key issues relating to its practical implementation." View

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A Land Value Tax for London?

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A report for the incoming Mayor of London, advocating for a land value tax trial in the city. View

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A Land Value Tax for Scotland

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A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis of the Effect of Two-Rate Property Taxes on Construction

Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Does Andrew Yang’s “Freedom Dividend” Proposal Add Up?

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Does Georgism Work? Part 1: Is Land Really A Big Deal?

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Does Georgism Work? Part 2: Can Landlords Pass Land Value Tax on to Tenants?

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Does Georgism Work, Part 3: Can Unimproved Land Value be Accurately Assessed Separately From Buildings?

Article

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Does Good Corporate Governance Include Employee Representation? Evidence from German Corporate Boards

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Economic Democracy Index

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Economic Effects of Codetermination

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Economic Insecurity: A Socioeconomic Determinant of Mental Health

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Employee Representation Legislations and Innovation

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Studies the relationship between expanding public health insurance and raising entrepreneurship, measured via firm formation rates. Finds the Child Health Insurance Program lowered… View

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Entrepreneurship and the Allocation of Government Spending Under Imperfect Markets

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While previous studies established a negative relationship between total government spending & entrepreneurship, this paper studies a layer deeper, looking at the relationship betw… View

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Estimating the Marginal Propensity to Consume Using the Distributions of Income, Consumption, and Wealth

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Evaluating the Feasibility and Burden-Shifting Effects of a Statewide Land Value Tax on Commercial and Industrial Property

Academic Paper

"The author estimates the effect that a land value tax on commercial and industrial property would have in Minnesota. There would be winners and losers, but concurrent declassifica… View

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Evidence on the Distributional Effects of a Land Value Tax on Residential Households

Academic Paper

"This study examines how replacing a uniform property tax with a land value tax (LVT) would shift the tax burden for single-family residential properties in Tarrant County, Texas, … View

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Exit, voice and loyalty in the family: findings from a basic income experiment

Academic Paper

"This article investigates how a basic income could transform families and gender power relations within them. We draw on Hirschman’s exit, voice and loyalty framework to argue tha… View

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Expanding the Discourse on Antipoverty Policy: Reconsidering a Negative Income Tax

Academic Paper

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Failure to Communicate: What (if anything) can we learn from the negative income tax experiments?

Academic Paper

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Fighting Short-Termism with Worker Power

Report

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Food Stamp Entrepreneurs

Academic Paper

In the mid-2000's, expanding SNAP (formerly known as food stamps) eligibility increased enrollment by 3-5%. Newly eligible households were 20% more likely to own a business. The re… View

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Academic Paper

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The authors propose a basic income program via extending & overhauling the Earned Income Tax Credit, eliminating the wage-earning requirements so that everyone beneath a certain th… View

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Guaranteed Income: SSI and the Well-Being of the Elderly Poor

Academic Paper

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How a levy based on location values could be the perfect tax

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How Much Money Would It Take to Eliminate Poverty In America?

Article

"It would take only 1 percent of GDP, or a fourth of what we spend on defense every year, to lift every American below the poverty line up above it." View

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How Much Revenue Would a Full Land Value Tax Yield?

Academic Paper

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How "Smart" is the Split-Rate Property Tax? Evidence from Growth Patterns in Pennsylvania

Report

"Urban sprawl has become a policy concern of national prominence. Land or split-rate taxes are one potential way to address this issue. In theory, such taxes can lower the land/cap… View

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How to sell Georgism to the middle class

Article

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Impact of employee’s job satisfaction on organizational performance.

Academic Paper

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Impacts of Basic Income on Health and Economic Well-Being: Evidence from the VA’s Disability Compensation Program

Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Implications of a Land Value Tax with Error in Assessed Values

Academic Paper

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Report

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Income Guarantee Benefits and Financing

Report

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Investing Cash Transfers to Raise Long-Term Living Standards

Academic Paper

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Investment-Less Growth: An Empirical Investigation

Academic Paper

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Is There Empirical Evidence on How the Implementation of a Universal Basic Income (UBI) Affects Labour Supply? A Systematic Review

Academic Paper

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Jain Family Institute Position on Guaranteed Income

Report

JFI, a research organization dedicated to studying guaranteed income, released this position paper, in which they outline their current view regarding next steps for implementing a… View

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Academic Paper

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Report

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Academic Paper

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Land and Liberty: Henry George, The Single Tax Movement, and the Origins of 20th Century Liberalism

Report

A PhD thesis offering a comprehensive history of the Georgist movement. View

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Land Taxation in New York City: A General Equilibrium Analysis

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Academic Paper

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Land value appraisal using statistical methods

Academic Paper

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Land Value Tax Analysis: Simulating the Tax in Multnomah County

Report

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Land Value Taxation: A Critique Of 'Tax Reform, A Rational Solution'

Academic Paper

"It has been argued by advocates of land value taxation that the centrepiece of tax reform should be land taxation, because of the efficiency, equity, simplicity and ethical advant… View

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Land Value Taxation and New Housing Development in Pittsburgh

Academic Paper

"Incentive and liquidity effects of Pittsburgh's land value tax system are hypothesized to encourage new housing development. To test this hypothesis, an econometric model is estim… View

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Land Value Tax: Can it Work in the District?

Report

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Majority of voters now say the government should have a universal basic income program

Poll

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Marginal Net Taxation of Americans' Labor Supply

Academic Paper

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Measuring the Effects of a Land Value Tax on Land Development

Academic Paper

"The objective of this research is to evaluate a land value tax as a potential policy tool to moderate sprawling development in Nashville, TN, the nation’s most sprawling metropoli… View

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Metropolitan Land Values

Academic Paper

"We estimate the first cross-sectional index of transaction-based land values for every U.S. metropolitan area. The index accounts for geographic selection and incorporates novel s… View

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Model Behavior: A Critical Review of Macroeconomic Models for Guaranteed Income & the Child Tax Credit

Report

The third installment in a series by the Jain Family Institute researching the theory and practice of guaranteed income. In particular, this installment focuses on the potential ma… View

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Modeling the Macroeconomic Effects of a Universal Basic Income

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Modelling the Economic Impact of a Citizen’s Basic Income in Scotland

Report

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Models for Worker Codetermination In Europe

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New Leaf Project: Taking Bold Action on Homelessness

Report

"Specifically, our New Leaf project (NLP) distributed a one-time cash transfer of $7,500 to people experiencing recent homelessness in the Vancouver area." View

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NIT Picking: The macroeconomic effects of a negative income tax

Academic Paper

A simulation of the economy, suggesting the optimal Negative Income Tax consists of a 22% tax rate and a benefit amount equal to 11% of per-capita GDP. NIT outperforms a flat tax r… View

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No Strings Attached: The Behavioral Effects of U.S. Unconditional Cash Transfer Programs

Academic Paper

The universal basic income has become a widely discussed measure in policy circles around the world. In this review, we cover the evidence relevant to its potential impact in the U… View

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On the psychology of poverty

Academic Paper

A study of how poverty causes stress and negative affective states which, in turn, may lead to short-sighted and risk-averse decision-making, ultimately driving a feedback loop tha… View

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On the The Economics of a Universal Basic Income

Article

An overview article of universal basic income in the European context, including simple calculations on some details of a €12,000 per year UBI. View

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Open letter to Mikhail Gorbachev

Report

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Optimal Income Transfer Programs: Intensive Versus Extensive Labor Supply Responses

Academic Paper

A paper studying the best way to design income transfer programs - like basic income, or the earned income tax credit - given various behavioral responses at the "intensive" and "e… View

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Options for Universal Basic Income: Dynamic Modeling

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Parents' Income and Children's Outcomes

Academic Paper

"We examine the role an exogenous increase in household income, due to a government transfer unrelated to household characteristics, plays in children’s long-run outcomes. Children… View

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Parity Codetermination at the Board Level and Labor Investment Efficiency

Academic Paper

"This study examines whether parity codetermination at German supervisory boards improves labor investment efficiency at firm level. We focus on labor, as it is an important produc… View

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Participatory and Self-Managed Firms: Evaluating Economic Performance

Book

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Pennsylvania's Success with Local Property Tax Reform: The Split Rate Tax

Academic Paper

Fifteen cities in Pennsylvania are pioneering an innovative approach to local tax reform that harnesses market incentives for urban renewal. Opting for the so-called "two-rate" or … View

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Policy Feedback and Support For the Welfare State

Article

How does the structure of social policy institutions shape the level of public support for the welfare state? The policy feedback literature predicts that highly inclusive welfare … View

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Post-Corona Balanced-Budget Super-Stimulus: The Case for Shifting Taxes onto Land

Academic Paper

A case for responding to the economic effects of the Covid-19 crises by shifting federal tax burdens onto land value taxes. The authors develop an econometric model of the US econo… View

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Potential effects of UBI: a scoping review of evidence on impacts and study characteristics

Academic Paper

"Fears of a large decrease in labour market participation due to basic income seem to be unfounded, but inference was often hampered by small samples or multiple intervention arms.… View

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Prediction accuracy in mass appraisal: a comparison of modern approaches

Academic Paper

"The advancement of computational software within the last decade has facilitated enhanced uptake of mass appraisal methodologies by the valuation and prediction accuracy in comput… View

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Productivity, Capital, and Labor in Labor-Managed and Conventional Firms: An Investigation on French Data

Academic Paper

“Using two new data sets from France, the authors present the first study of the comparative productivity of labor-managed and conventional firms involving large representative sam… View

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Property Rights, Coercion, and the Welfare State: The Libertarian Case for a Basic Income for All

Academic Paper

"Many libertarians object to state-funded welfare systems because they think that the taxation necessary to fund such systems violates individual property rights. In this paper, I … View

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Prospects for Land Rent Taxes in State and Local Tax Reforms

Academic Paper

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Public Split on Basic Income for Workers Replaced by Robots

Poll

* 48% of Americans support a universal basic income program * 46% of supporters would pay higher personal taxes to support it * 80% of supporters say companies should pay higher… View

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Raising Revenue with a Progressive Value-Added Tax

Academic Paper

In this chapter from *Tackling the Tax Code: Efficient and Equitable Ways to Raise Revenue*, Gale proposes a VAT with: a broad base, a standard rate applied to all taxable purchase… View

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Real Freedom for All: What (if Anything) Can Justify Capitalism?

Book

"What is a just society? It is a society in which the real freedom to do whatever one might wish to do is fairly distributed among all. This conception of social justice combines f… View

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Reconsidering land value taxation: The golden key?

Academic Paper

“This paper considers how land value taxation (LVT) may resolve the dilemma of declining central cities and sprawling urban areas. Literature review, discussions with professionals… View

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Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth

Using a new cross-country dataset that differentiates between market inequality (before taxes and transfers) and net inequality (after), researchers from the International Monetary… View

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Reweaving the Safety Net: The Best Fit For Guaranteed Income

Report

Jain Family Institute's second installation in a four-part series in 'reweaving the safety net', with an eye towards program design for basic income. Here, they focus on the relati… View

source

Satisfaction With Five Key Societal Issues in U.S. Plummets

Poll

Satisfaction with U.S. economy down 25 points since 2020. Satisfaction with crime, terrorism, racial issues also down sharply. Most widespread satisfaction with military strength; … View

source

Stanford Basic Income Lab: Visualizing UBI Research

Visualization

A visualization of UBI research, including short write-ups on key areas. View

source

State and Local Impacts of a Revenue-Neutral Shift from a Uniform Property to a Land Value Tax: Results of a Simulation Study

Academic Paper

"This paper reports on the results of simulating a revenue-neutral shift from a statewide uniform property tax to a land value tax. The statewide economic impacts of such a tax ref… View

source

Stock Buybacks and Corporate Cashouts

Article

View

source

Stockton Economic Empowerment Demonstration Preliminary Results

View

source

Sustaining Mass Transit through Land Value Taxation? Prospects for Chicago

Report

View

source

Systematic Misreporting and Effects of Income Maintenance Experiments on Work Effort: Evidence from the Seattle-Denver Experiment.

Academic Paper

A series of Negative Income Tax experiments took place in the U.S. under the Nixon administration. Subsequent studies found that recipients significantly reduced their working hour… View

source

Taxing Land Is Just Another Questionable Tax

Academic Paper

"There has recently been much public debate about the introduction of a land value tax. To its supporters such a tax promises to achieve several goals simultaneously. On closer ins… View

source

The Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend: A Case Study In the Direct Distribution of Resource Rent

Report

An overview of the Alaska Permanent Fund. View

source

The Case Against a Basic Income

Article

A critique of universal basic income from the left. View

source

The Case for a Robust Attack on the Tax Gap

Article

"A well-functioning tax system requires that everyone pays the taxes they owe. Today, the “tax gap”—the difference between taxes that are owed and collected—totals around $600 bill… View

source

The Case for Negative Income Tax with Flat Tax in Europe: An Empirical Optimal Taxation Exercise

Academic Paper

A microeconometric model of labor supply for a sample of Southern, Central, and Northern European countries is used to compare the welfare function effects of various forms of basi… View

source

The Case for Welfare State Universalism

Academic Paper

A paper affirming the 'paradox of redistribution': countries achieve more redistribution when they take from all to give to all, rather than when they take specifically from the ri… View

source

The Codetermination Difference

Article

"Democratic senators are embracing the idea of putting employee representatives on corporate boards—which could bolster not just worker power and income but American democracy as w… View

source

The Comparative Impact of Cash Transfers and a Psychotherapy Program on Psychological and Economic Well-being

This study compared the effects of unconditional cash transfers and psychotherapy among over 5,000 individuals across rural Kenya. View

source

The Consequence of Taxing Land Value

Academic Paper

“The literature examining the link between the intensity of urban land use and methods of local finance is examined. The widely held notion that the switch from a general property … View

source

The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States

Immigrants are found to be more productive than natives, as measured by number of patents, patent citations, and economic value of those patents. Authors find that immigrant-driven… View

source

The Cost of Basic Income: Back-of-the-Envelope-Calculations

Academic Paper

Estimates the net cost - after taxes - of a UBI set at $12,000 per adult and $6,000 per child, assuming a 50% marginal tax rate. The net cost is found to be $539 billion per year, … View

source

The Costs and Benefits of a Child Allowance

Report

Converting the current Child Tax Credit to a child allowance—by making it fully refundable, increasing its value to $3,600 per child age 0-5, $3,000 per child age 6-17, and distrib… View

source

The Costs of Being Poor: Inflation Inequality

Report

"Recent research also shows that prices have risen more quickly for people at the bottom of the income distribution than for those at the top — a phenomenon dubbed “inflation inequ… View

source

The Economic Costs of Childhood Poverty in the US

Academic Paper

This paper estimates the cost of childhood poverty in the US, totaling around $500 billion per year, or 4% of GDP. Specifically, they estimate that childhood poverty reduces produc… View

source

The effect of board structure on firm value: A multiple identification strategies approach using Korean data

Academic Paper

"Outside directors and audit committees are widely considered to be central elements of good corporate governance. We use a 1999 Korean law as an exogenous shock to assess whether … View

source

The Effects of a Negative Income Tax on School Performance: Results of an Experiment

Academic Paper

"This paper analyzes the impact of a negative income tax experiment on the school performance of children in grades 4 through 10. The results indicate that the experimental program… View

source

The Employer Response to the Guaranteed Annual Income

Academic Paper

Studies the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment from the 1970's in Canada, exploring whether guaranteed income leads to an 'employer response' of either raising or lowering wag… View

source

The existential cost of economic insecurity: Threatened financial security undercuts meaning

Academic Paper

Here, financial security is defined as a person's subjective report that they can afford "the things they need now and in the foreseeable future". The authors found that this sense… View

source

The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

Academic Paper

"Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s… View

source

The impact of cash transfers on subjective well-being and mental health in low-middle income countries: a systematic review & meta-analysis

Report

"We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs and quasiexperimental studies, including peer-reviewed publications and grey literature (e.g. reports, pre-prints, and w… View

source

The Impact of Urban Land Taxation: The Pittsburgh Experience

Academic Paper

"In 1979–80, the city of Pittsburgh restructured its property tax system by raising the rate on land to more than five times the rate on structures. This paper explores the impact … View

source

The Macroeconomic Effect of Codetermination on Income Equality

Academic Paper

"Many studies on the effect of codetermination at company-level reveal its significant influence on wage levels within companies. However, does this effect at the micro-level resul… View

source

The Macroeconomic Effects of Universal Basic Income Programs

Academic Paper

The author constructs an econometric model of the US economy by developing an overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic income risk, inclusive of intensive and extensive mar… View

source

The New Progressive Agenda

Report

Federal investment in housing: we asked respondents whether they would support a large scale investment in public housing. Forty-three percent of likely 2018 voters in support, 40 … View

source

The Physical Basis of Voluntary Trade

Academic Paper

"The article discusses the conditions under which can we say that people enter the economic system voluntarily. “The Need for an Exit Option” briefly explains the philosophical arg… View

source

The Political Theory of Universal Basic Income

Academic Paper

"Universal basic income (UBI) is a radical policy proposal of a monthly cash grant given to all members of a community without means test, regardless of personal desert, with no st… View

source

The Relative Costs of a UBI and a NIT

Academic Paper

Compares the costs of a negative income tax designed to mimic the distributional effects of a universal basic income, set at a level sufficient to eliminate poverty in the US. Auth… View

source

“There you may behold the rent”: Effects of a UK land dividend

Report

Simulates a UBI funded by land value taxation (”land dividend”) in the UK. They find a 1% land divided could fund a UBI of £16 per week, reducing poverty by 20% and benefitting 70%… View

source

The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic Dynamism

Academic Paper

A paper exploring some factors driving the downward trend, accelerating since 2000, of business startups. These trends suggest that incentives for entrepreneurs to start new firms … View

source

The Stakeholder Strategy

Article

View

source

The taxation of land value as the means towards optimal urban development and the extirpation of excessive economic inequality.

Academic Paper

"Generally, subsidies increase the supply of goods beyond optimal amounts, and generate deadweight losses. The urban fringes receive implicit land-rent subsidies from the governmen… View

source

The Tax Trap

A long line of critical fiscal theorists has pointed to the limits of financing a politics of emancipation through levies on a regressive economy. We need to heed their warnings to… View

source

The Wealth of Nations

Book

Adam Smith's seminal treatise on economics. View

source

Tiebout Visits Germany: Land Tax Capitalization in a Sample of German Municipalities

Academic Paper

“The paper explores the determinants of land value and rent level in a large cross-section of German municipalities, controlling for several amenities, disamenities, the local stru… View

source

‘Time’s Up, Google!’ as tech workers walk out in global rolling strike

Article

View

source

UBI in the US and Advanced Countries

Academic Paper

"We discuss the potential role of Universal Basic Incomes (UBIs) in advanced countries. A feature of advanced economies that distinguishes them from developing countries is the exi… View

source

Underreporting and Experimental Effects on Work Effort: Evidence from the Gary Income Maintenance Experiment.

Academic Paper

A series of Negative Income Tax experiments in the U.S. suggested that receiving unconditional cash benefits led recipients decreasing their work effort. This paper suggests that t… View

source

Union Recognition and Collective Bargaining: How Does the United States Compare With Other Democracies?

Article

View

source

Universal Basic Income and Inflation: Reviewing Theory and Evidence

Academic Paper

One of the most common arguments against universal basic income is the idea that it will cause inflation. In this paper I will review the theoretical interactions between an univer… View

source

Universal Basic Income and the City

Academic Paper

"We study the introduction of Universal Basic Income (UBI) with a particular focus on how it affects real estate and the urban environment. The main effect of UBI is a trade-off be… View

source

Universal Basic Income: An Idea Whose Time Has Come?

Report

Simulations done using the Landman Economics tax-benefit model. A primary limitation of this model is that it assumes UBI has no effect on individuals’ labor market behavior, i.e.,… View

source

Universal Basic Income: A Union Perspective

Report

"This briefing considers arguments for and against UBI and examines what can be learned from efforts to realise it in practice. It describes different meanings and versions of UBI,… View

source

Universal Basic Income In the Developing World

Academic Paper

Surveying the evidence from basic income in the developing world, the authors address three questions: what are recipients likely to do with additional income, whether this would u… View

source

Universal Basic Income Versus Unemployment Insurance

Academic Paper

A dynamic equilibrium model of the economy is used to compare unemployment insurance with universal basic income. Using data from 1990 - 2011, they find that UI beats out UBI for i… View

source

Universal Cash Transfers Reduce Childhood Obesity Rates

Academic Paper

Extrapolating a similar payment to the US, the authors find that 66,000 annual cases of childhood obesity could be averted, on average, resulting in medical savings of roughly $310… View

source

U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin Introduces Legislation to Rein In Stock Buybacks and Give Workers a Seat at the Table

Report

U.S. Senator Tammy Baldwin's bill to implement codetermination. View

source

Voice at Work

This study of Finnish codetermination uses both a difference-in-difference model and a qualitative survey of Finnish workers. They find a small reduction in layoffs, moderate incre… View

source

What Do Americans Want From (Private) Government?

Academic Paper

"Much of the American labor force spends time in "private governments" over which they have little say during and beyond the work day. Do Americans prefer to work for businesses th… View

source

What Does Codetermination Do?

Academic Paper

Provides a qualitative review of existing codetermination laws, and a quantitative study on the country-level effects of codetermination reforms between the 1960's and 2010's. Over… View

source

What Is Basic Income?

Article

"Universal basic income takes on distinct forms in different historical and geographic contexts. It varies based on the funding proposal, the level of payment, the frequency of pay… View

source

What We Know About Universal Basic Income: A Cross-Synthesis of Reviews

Report

View

source

Why a UBI Is Better Than Subsidies of Low-Wage Work

Academic Paper

A comparison of wage-subsidies (like the Earned Income Tax Credit) with unconditional cash transfers (like UBI). The author, after considering economic, moral, and political dimens… View

source

Why Cash is Better Than Expanded Health Insurance For the Poor

Article

"Cash transfers go directly to people in need, while health insurance expansions pay mainly for care that the uninsured already receive, an economist says." View

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