“While our review uncovered only 14 papers, which together yielded some mixed results, 3 patterns stood out. First, in both low-income/middle-income and high-income countries, cash transfer programmes that do not carry conditions seem mostlyto be beneficial. Second, in middle-income countries, cash transfer programmes that are conditional on use of health and educational services also yield health benefits. Finally, in the context of high-income countries, programmes that carry work requirements are not associated with improved health of young children.”