"Typically, workers are either granted a minority share of the seats on their company’s board, meaning they can always be overruled by unanimous shareholders, or they are given the right to form a shop-floor representative body with few substantive decision-making rights. Surveys and interviews confirm that worker representatives believe they lack influence over most corporate decisions, with the exception of decisions about immediate working conditions. Since codetermination laws do not dramatically reshape existing authority structures, it is unsurprising that their effects are limited. It remains possible that codetermination structures involving a more significant shift of power to labor—like recent proposals for a bicameral model of firm governance where decisions would have to pass through both shareholder-elected and worker-elected bodies (Ferreras, 2017; Fraser et al., 2020)—would produce more dramatic effects."